Ngenxa yoxinzelelo olukhulayo kwizixhobo nakwindalo esingqongileyo kwilizwe lethu, amasebe karhulumente acebise iinjongo "zokufezekisa uphuhliso oluzinzileyo, ukwakha uluntu olugcina izixhobo nolunobuhlobo nokusingqongileyo" kunye "nokuqinisekisa ukunciphisa ukusetyenziswa kwamandla ngama-20% kunye nokunciphisa i-10% kwimveliso iyonke yezinto ezingcolisayo eziphambili njengoko kumiselwe kwiSicwangciso seMinyaka emihlanu se-11". E-China,ukuphosaidlala indima ebaluleke kakhulu kushishino lokuvelisa oomatshini, apho imveliso yokuthunga ibekwa kwindawo yokuqala kwihlabathi liphela iminyaka emithandathu ilandelelana. Kukho amashishini okuthunga angaphezu kwama-27000, phakathi kwawo, ngaphandle kwamashishini ambalwa amakhulu aneteknoloji yokuthunga ephucukileyo, izixhobo zokuvelisa ezigqwesileyo, kunye namanyathelo asisiseko okukhusela okusingqongileyo, uninzi lwamashishini okuthunga aseneteknoloji yokuvelisa endala, izixhobo zokuvelisa ezindala, kunye nemiba yokukhusela okusingqongileyo engakhange ibekwe kwishedyuli yomsebenzi.
Ishishini lezinto zokubumba izinto ezintsha kwilizwe lethu lijongene nemingeni enzima ekukhuseleni okusingqongileyo. Ngokweengxelo, i-80% ukuya kwi-95% yelizwe laseTshayinaukuphosaIifektri zisebenzisa ikakhulu ukubumba ngesandla, kwaye ngaphantsi kwe-5% yenani lilonke lezitofu zokuqhuma zixhotyiswe ngezixhobo zokukhusela okusingqongileyo ezisebenzayo. Ngaphezulu kwe-80% yamashishini okukhupha anezinto ezinzima kwindawo yokusebenza, iimeko zokusebenza ezimbi, iteknoloji yokuvelisa emva, kunye neendlela ezininzi zokuvelisa. Ngokwembono yesakhiwo soshishino lokukhupha, amashishini anamasimi amancinci okukhupha okanye iiworkshops ezingaphantsi kwesityalo sokuvelisa esiphetheyo, kunye nezityalo zokushicilela zobungcali kunye nenani elikhulu lezityalo zokukhupha ezidolophini. Ngokwenqanaba lemveliso kunye nobukhulu, kukho zombini iifektri ezinkulu ezinezixhobo eziphezulu zoomatshini, iteknoloji ephucukileyo, kunye nemveliso yonyaka yamashumi amawaka eetoni ze-ukuphoswa kwezinto, kunye neendawo ezincinci zokusekwa ezinezixhobo ezilula, ukusebenza ngesandla, ubuchwepheshe obuphelelwe lixesha, kunye nemveliso yonyaka yeetoni ezingaphezu kwekhulu zee-castings. Kwiminyaka yakutshanje, ngenxa yempembelelo yamandla, izinto ezingqongileyo, kunye namaxabiso abasebenzi, imveliso ye-castings kumazwe aseNtshona aphuhlileyo emizi-mveliso iye yehla, kwaye baye bajika kancinci kancinci bajonga kumazwe asaphuhlayo ukuze bathenge i-castings eqhelekileyo, ngelixa bethumela i-castings esemgangathweni ophezulu enomxholo ophezulu wetekhnoloji kunye nexabiso elongezelelekileyo kumazwe asaphuhlayo. Okwangoku, ukukhawuleziswa koqoqosho lwehlabathi jikelele kubonelela ngamathuba kunye nemingeni yophuhliso lweshishini le-foundry laseTshayina. Imfuno ye-castings yaseTshayina kwiimarike zamazwe ngamazwe nezasekhaya ibonisa indlela yokukhula eqhubekayo.
Izixhobo zokuphosa,ukubumba isanti ephoswayo
Ngokusekelwe kwinqanaba langoku lobuchwepheshe bokuphosa kunye neengxaki eziphambili eTshayina, eli nqaku liphonononga iindlela ezisebenzayo zokufezekisa "ukuphosa okuluhlaza nokusingqongileyo" kwezi nkalo zilandelayo:
1. Uphuhliso lwemigangatho yokuvelisa eluhlaza kwishishini le-foundry lubandakanya ubuchwepheshe obusisiseko obufana nethiyori yoyilo lwemveliso kunye neendlela, ubuchwepheshe besicelo sezinto, iinkqubo zokuvelisa kunye netekhnoloji yezixhobo, itekhnoloji yokuvavanya, itekhnoloji yokuzenzekela, njl. Ezi zizinto ezinxulumeneyo, ezixhomekeke kwelinye, kwaye ziyimfuneko ekusindeni nasekuphuhlisweni kweshishini le-foundry Yila iinkqubo ze-foundry eziluhlaza kunye neenkqubo ze-cast ukuqinisekisa "umgangatho oluhlaza wemvelo" weemveliso ze-cast kunye neenkqubo zemveliso, kunye nokuphucula iipropati zendalo ze-castings kuyo yonke i-lifecycle yazo kumthombo. Ukuqwalasela izinto ezibalulekileyo ezinefuthe ekusetyenzisweni ngokuthe ngqo kwamandla, izixhobo, kunye nokukhutshwa kwezinto ezingcolisayo kunye nenkunkuma, itekhnoloji ye-foundry eluhlaza kunye netekhnoloji yezixhobo zenkqubo ziyasetyenziswa ukuguqula izinto eziluhlaza nezincedisayo (izinto ezifakwayo) zibe yi-castings (iziphumo eziluncedo), ngaloo ndlela kufezekiswa imveliso yokwenyani "ye-foundry eluhlaza kunye nokusingqongileyo" Buyisela izinto eziluhlaza zendabuko kunye netekhnoloji yazo yesicelo ngezinto eziluhlaza nezinobuhlobo nokusingqongileyo kunye netekhnoloji yazo yesicelo; ④ Ukwamkela itekhnoloji yokufumanisa nokulawula ephucukileyo, ekhawulezayo nechanekileyo, ukuphucula inkqubo yemveliso ye-cast, ukususa okanye ukunciphisa inkunkuma ye-cast, ukuphucula isivuno se-cast, ukunciphisa ukusetyenziswa kwamandla kunye nongcoliseko olubangelwa kukufunyanwa kwangaphambili okanye okungachanekanga, kunye nokufezekisa "i-foundry eluhlaza kunye nokusingqongileyo"; ⑤ Ukwamkela ubuchwepheshe bokucoca imibhobho obusebenzayo nobusebenzayo ukunciphisa ukukhutshwa kongcoliseko kwindalo esingqongileyo. Ukongeza ekucebiseni iimfuno zobugcisa kwezi nkalo zingasentla, kukwafuneka ukudibana neemeko zesizwe zoshishino lwe-foundry lwaseTshayina, ukuze amashishini akwazi ukwamkela isicwangciso solawulo esingcono (esingabizi kakhulu, nesisebenza kakuhle) ukuze kufezekiswe ukukhutshwa komoya ophelelisayo okuhlangabezana nemigangatho yesizwe yokusingqongileyo.
2. Ukuqala kwiinkalo ezahlukeneyo ezifana netekhnoloji yokuthunga, izinto zokubumba, kunye nezixhobo zokuthunga
Imeko yangoku yokukhuselwa kwendalo kwishishini lezinto zokubumba eTshayina iyaxhalabisa. Kunokwenziwa imizamo yokukhuthaza ukukhuselwa kwendalo kwishishini lezinto zokubumba kwiinkalo ezahlukeneyo ezifana netekhnoloji yokusika, izinto zokubumba, kunye nezixhobo zokubumba: ① Itekhnoloji yokusika kunye nezinto zokubumba: Ukubumba isanti yeyona ndlela iphambili yetekhnoloji yokusika, ebanga i-80% ukuya kwi-90% yemveliso yonke yokusika. Kwimveliso yokusika, ungcoliseko lothuli, ungcoliseko lomoya, kunye nongcoliseko oluqinileyo olubangelwa zizinto zokubumba zesanti zezona zibalulekileyo. Ke ngoko, ukuze kufezekiswe imveliso eluhlaza necocekileyo kwisanti, kufuneka kusetyenziswe izinto zokubumba eziluhlaza ezingaphiliyo kangangoko kunokwenzeka, kwaye inani lezinto zokubumba ezongeziweyo kufuneka lincitshiswe kangangoko kunokwenzeka (kungcono ngaphandle kwezinto zokubumba). Oku kuluncedo kakhulu ekusombululeni ingxaki yokuphinda kusetyenziswe isanti endala kwaye kuya kunciphisa kakhulu uxinzelelo kwindalo esingqongileyo. Phakathi kweendlela ezahlukeneyo zokubumba isanti ezibandakanyekayo ngoku, ukubumba i-foam elahlekileyo kunye nokubumba i-V-method kusetyenziswa ukubumba isanti eyomileyo engenaglue, kunye nokubumba isanti yeglasi yamanzi eneglue, zezona zinokwenzeka ukuba zifezekise iinkqubo zemveliso "yokubumba eluhlaza neyobuhlobo nokusingqongileyo". I-foam casting engenamathelisi elahlekileyo yaziwa ngokuba “yitekhnoloji entsha yokuphosa yenkulungwane yama-21” kunye “nobunjineli obuluhlaza ekuphoseni” Izixhobo zokuphosa: Okwangoku, uninzi lweendawo zesinyithi zaseTshayina ziyanyibilikiswa kwaye ziveliswe kusetyenziswa izitofu zokuphosa, ezisebenzisa izixhobo ezicocekileyo nezihlala ixesha elide, izitofu zokuphosa eziqhubekayo zomoya oshushu, kunye nobuchwepheshe bokuthuthwa, ukuthululwa, kunye nonyango lwe-mold oluvaliweyo lwesinyithi ukunciphisa ubungakanani be-oxidation yesinyithi kunye nokuveliswa kwe-slag; Ukwamkela amanyathelo acetyiswayo eBhunga leHlabathi loLawulo lweNdalo yokuphosa unyango lwangaphambi kokucoca izixhobo zesithando kunokunciphisa ukukhutshwa kothuli ngexesha lenkqubo yokunyibilikisa; Ukusetyenziswa kwetekhnoloji ye-granulation slag epholiswe ngamanzi kunokwenza i-slag ibe yinto yokwakha esebenza kakuhle kakhulu; Sebenzisa ngokupheleleyo igesi yokukhupha umoya evela kwisithando sokuphosa. Ukongeza, kwimveliso yokuphosa, izixhobo zenkqubo ezivelisa uthuli nengxolo, ezinje ngokuthutha, ukucoca, kunye nezixhobo zokuwisa isanti, zinokuphuculwa kwisakhiwo semveliso ukunciphisa okanye ukususa uthuli.
3. Ukuphuhlisa ubuchwepheshe obutsha bokusetyenziswa kwezixhobo zegesi zenkunkuma ukukhusela okusingqongileyo kunye nokwandisa ukugcinwa kwezixhobo kuye kwaba yinjongo engxamisekileyo elandelwa ngabasebenzi bezinto zokubumba kumazwe ahlukeneyo. Ke ngoko, xa amashishini ezinto zokubumba aseTshayina esakha okanye esenza utshintsho kwezobuchwepheshe, kufuneka aququzelele nokusetyenziswa kwakhona kwenkunkuma ngokubanzi. Oku kungenziwa kwezi nkalo zilandelayo: ① Xa uyila izicwangciso zotshintsho, qala ucinge ngokwandisa utyalo-mali kukhuseleko lokusingqongileyo, kwaye kuyacetyiswa ukuba utyalo-mali lokhuseleko lokusingqongileyo lube ngaphezu kwe-15% yotyalo-mali lulonke; ② Ukwamkela izixhobo zokubumba eziphambili ezisebenza ngoomatshini, ezizenzekelayo, nezivaliweyo ukuze kufezekiswe iinjongo zokhuseleko lokusingqongileyo; ③ Ukwamkela iinkqubo zemveliso ecocekileyo ukuphucula okusingqongileyo; ④ Ukuphuhlisa ubuchwepheshe obutsha bokusetyenziswa kwezixhobo zenkunkuma yokubumba ngokubhekisa kwiindlela zokulahla inkunkuma zamashishini ezinto zokubumba angaphandle; ⑤ Ukunamathela kwimigaqo yokunciphisa, ukusebenzisa kwakhona, kunye nokuphinda kusetyenziswe kuqoqosho olujikelezayo.
Ukuphosa okuluhlaza nokusingqongileyo “kukubonakaliswa kwesicwangciso sophuhliso oluzinzileyo lwentlalo kushishino lokuvelisa. Ukuqala kumandla emveliso, inqanaba lobuchwepheshe, inqanaba lomgangatho wemveliso, ukusetyenziswa kwamandla kunye nezinto eziluhlaza, italente yetekhnoloji yokuphosa, inqanaba lolawulo lomgangatho, kunye nokukhutshwa kwesanti yenkunkuma, igesi yenkunkuma, uthuli, intsalela yenkunkuma, ingxolo, njl.njl. yeshishini lokuphosa laseTshayina, kuthathelwa ingqalelo impumelelo yophando kunye nokusebenza kwethiyori yangaphandle, kwaye kusekelwe kwiimpawu ezisisiseko, iingxaki ezikhoyo, kunye neemfuno ezisisiseko zoyilo lokhuseleko lokusingqongileyo lweshishini lokuphosa laseTshayina kunye nenqanaba letekhnoloji yokuphosa, imigangatho esisiseko yoyilo lokhuseleko lokusingqongileyo lwamakhonkco emveliso ahlukeneyo kwinkqubo yemveliso yokuphosa imiselwe njengeenjongo zokwakha ezintsha, ukuhlaziya, ukwandisa, kunye neeprojekthi zotshintsho lwetekhnoloji zamashishini okuphosa aseTshayina. Ukuziphatha kwamashishini okuvelisa ukuphosa kusemgangathweni, kwaye ukhuseleko lokusingqongileyo lukhuthazwa ngamandla ukuze kufezekiswe “ukuphosa okuluhlaza nokusingqongileyo”, Ukuphucula inqanaba letekhnoloji yeshishini lezinto ezisisiseko laseTshayina ukuhlangabezana neemfuno zophuhliso olukhawulezileyo loqoqosho lwesizwe.
Ixesha leposi: Februwari-10-2025