Ngoxinzelelo olwandayo kwizibonelelo kunye nokusingqongileyo kweli lizwe lethu, amasebe karhulumente acebise ukuba iinjongo "zokuphuhlisa uluntu olunobuhlobo kunye nokuncitshiswa kwe-10% kunye nokuncitshiswa kwe-10% ekuphumlisweni kweminyaka emihlanu yeshumi elinesihlanu. E China,ukuphosaIdlala indima ebaluleke kakhulu kumzi mveliso woomatshini, kunye nokuphoswa kwemveliso yokuqala emhlabeni kwiminyaka emithandathu elandelelana. Kukho ngaphezu kwe-27000 kumashishini aphantsi, ngaphandle kwamashishini amakhulu aphezulu anetekhnoloji yokuphelisa, izixhobo zokukhulisa izinto eziphelileyo, kunye nezixhobo zokupheliswa kwemveliso ezingekafakwa kwishedyuli yomsebenzi.
Umzi-mveliso wokusula kwilizwe lethu ujamelene nemiceli mngeni ebalulekileyo ekukhuseleni kwendalo. Ngokweengxelo, ezingama-80% ukuya kwi-95% ye-ChinaukuphosaIifektri ikakhulu zisebenzisa ikakhulu ukubunjwa, kwaye zingaphantsi kwe-5% yenani elipheleleyo lezinto ezilahlayo zixhotyiswe ngamaziko osiko afanelekileyo. Ngaphezulu kwe-80% yamashishini okupholisa anendawo ezinobungozi kwindawo ezindawo, iimeko zokusebenza ezimbi, itekhnoloji yoBucala, kunye neendlela ezibanzi zemveliso. Ukusuka kwimbono yecandelo lecandelo lokuphosa, amashishini ayaphosa amasimi aphantsi okanye oomasifundisane abaphantsi kwesityalo seMveliso, kunye nezityalo ezihlangwini zelokishi yelokishi. Ngokwenqanaba lemveliso kunye nesikali, kukho zombini iziseko ezinkulu ezinemitshini ephezulu, itekhnoloji ephezulu, kunye nemveliso yonyaka yamashumi eetoni yeukulahla, kunye nezisu ezincinci ezinesixhobo esilula, utyalo-nxaxheba, itekhnoloji ekhutshiweyo, kunye nemveliso yonyaka engaphezu kwekhulu leetoni. Kwiminyaka yakutshanje, ngenxa yefuthe lamandla, izinto zokusingqongileyo, kunye namaxabiso engqesho, ukuveliswa kwamaxabiso aphezulu aphunyezwe, kwaye ngokuthe ngcembe aguqukele kumazwe aphezulu akhula ngobuchule kunye nexabiso elongezelelekileyo kumazwe asaphuhlayo. Okwangoku, ukwahlulahlulahlulahlulo lwehlabathi jikelele kubonelela ngamathuba omabini nemiceli mngeni kuphuhliso lweshishini lokufumana i-China. Ibango leNgqongolo yaseTshayina kwimarike yehlabathi neyasekhaya ibonisa indlela yokukhula enzondo.
Ukuphosa izixhobo, ukuqhubela phambili kwesanti
Izixhobo zokuphosa,Ukuphosa iSanti
Ngokusekwe kwinqanaba elikhoyo lokuphosa itekhnoloji kunye neengxaki eziphambili e-China, eli nqaku libonisa iindlela ezisebenzayo zokufezekisa "luhlaza kunye nokusingqongileyo" kwezi zinto zilandelayo:
1.Ukuphuhliswa kwemigangatho yemigangatho yohlaza yemveliso yemveliso ibandakanya itekhnoloji yokusithethelela efana nethiyori yoyilo lwemveliso kunye neenkqubo zokuvavanya, kunye nokuxhomekeka kwemveliso, kunye nokuxhomekeka kwemveliso yendalo yonke impilo-phindo ethathela ingqalelo izinto ezibalulekileyo zokusebenzisa amandla, izixhobo zokuncedisa kwi-prow kunye nendawo enobuhlobo bokuyinyani kunye ne-Green. ④ Ukwamkela ukuchonga itekhnoloji yolawulo kunye nokuchaneka kwenkqubo yemveliso, ukuphelisa okanye ukunciphisa ukuselwa kwamandla, ukunciphisa ukusetyenziswa kwenkunkuma, ukunciphisa ukusetyenziswa "kokungachanekanga, kunye nokuphumeza" ukuhla kwendalo "; ⑤ Ukwamkela ukuphela kokuphela kokuphela kwetekhnoloji yombhobho wokunciphisa ukuqhutywa kokungcoliseka kwindalo esingqongileyo. Ukongeza ekuqinisekisweni kweemfuno zobugcisa kwezi zinto zingasentla, kuyayimfuneko ukudibanisa iimeko zikazwelonke zeshishini le-China, ukuze amashishini anokwazisa umgangatho wokulawula ofanelekileyo ofikelela kwimigangatho yokusingqongileyo yendalo esingqongileyo.
2. Ukuqala kwiinkalo ezahlukeneyo ezinjengetekhnoloji yokuphosa, izixhobo zokubumba, kunye nezixhobo zokuphosa
Imeko yangoku yokukhusela isisingqongileyo kushishino lwase China ixhalabile. Inokwenziwa iinzame zokukhuthaza ukhuseleko lwendalo kwimveliso esulungekileyo evela kwimiba eyahlukeneyo efana netekhnoloji yokuphosa itekhnoloji yetekhnoloji yetekhnoloji yetekhnoloji yetekhnoloji, inika ingxelo nge-80% yemveliso yokuphola. Kwimveliso yokuphosa, ukungcola kothuli, ukungcoliseka komoya, kunye nongcoliseko oluqinileyo olubangelwa zizixhobo zokubumba zesanti zezona zinzulu. Ke ngoko, ukuze kufezekiswe imveliso eluhlaza necocekileyo yesanti, i-Inorganic Reganic Binders kufuneka isetyenziswe kangangoko kunokwenzeka, kwaye isixa sezibopho zongezwa kufuneka sincitshiswe kangangoko kunokwenzeka). Oku kuyingenelo kakhulu ekusombululeni ingxaki yokurisayikilisha isanti endala endala kwaye kuya kunciphisa kakhulu uxinzelelo kwindalo esingqongileyo. Phakathi kweendlela ezahlukeneyo zokuphosa isanti ezibandakanyekileyo, i-foam elahlekileyo ye-Foeam kunye ne-v-Indlela yokuhlambela iSanti eyomileyo, kunye nesanti yeglasi yeglasi yeglasi. I-Heam Englive Englity ye-Fough Food i-Foulf i-Foust yaziwa ngokuba "yingxilongo entsha yenkulungwane yama-21" kunye "nobunjineli obuhlaza be-china, kwaye zisebenzisa i-chiectoring yentsimbi, kwaye isebenzisa i-chiections echetywe, kwaye ixhamla i-chiecy yonyango lokunciphisa i-oxidation yentsimbi kunye ne-slag Isizukulwana; Ukwamkela amanyathelo acetyiswayo kwiBhunga leHlabathi yoLawulo lweNdawo yokuCoca ukuze ihlanjululwe ngezinto zokuthatyathwa kwempahla inokunciphisa ukuphuma kothuli ngexesha lenkqubo yokunyibilikisa; Ukusetyenziswa kweTekhnoloji ye-SLAG ye-SLAG ye-SLAG inokwenza i-Slag ibe yinto efanelekileyo yokwakha; Sebenzisa ngokupheleleyo igesi yokuphefumla kwi-fast yesithando somlilo. Ukongeza, kwimveliso yokuphosa, izixhobo zenkqubo ezivelisa uthuli nengxolo, njengokuhlolwa, izixhobo zokucoca, kunye nokuphelisa uthuli lwemveliso ukunciphisa okanye ukuphelisa uthuli.
3. Ukuphuhlisa ubuchwepheshe obutsha bokusetyenziswa kwezixhobo zegesi ukukhusela imeko yendalo kunye nokwandisa ulondolozo lwezixhobo zibe yinjongo engxamisekileyo elandelwa ngabasebenzi abasekiweyo kumazwe ahlukeneyo. Ke ngoko, xa amashishini akhethiweyo aseChina akhe akhe okanye eqhuba inguqu yetekhnoloji, kufuneka alungelelanise kwakhona ukuphinda asebenzise kwakhona inkunkuma. Oku kungenziwa kule miba ilandelayo: ① Xa uyila izicwangciso zenguqu, kuqala uthatha ingqalelo ukwanda kotyalo-mali ekukhuseleni kwe-akhawunti yotyalo-mali, kwaye kuyacetyiswa ukuba utyalomali lulonke; ② Ukwamkela izixhobo zokuphosa izinto eziphathekayo eziye zafunyanwa ngoomatshini, ezenzekelayo, kwaye zivalelwe ukufezekisa iinjongo zoKhuselo lweNdalo; ③ Ukwamkela iinkqubo zokuvelisa ezicocekileyo ukuphucula indawo yokusebenza; ④ Phuhlisa itekhnoloji entsha yeTekhnoloji yokusetyenziswa kwezixhobo zenkunkuma etshintshiweyo ngokubhekisa kwiindlela zokulahla inkunkuma zamashishini ashiyiweyo zangaphandle; ⑤ Nqumqe imigaqo yokuncitshiswa, kwakhona, kunye nokurisayikilisha kuqoqosho lwesetyhula.
I-Green kunye ne-Compley enobuhlobo "kukubonakaliswa kwesiCwangciso soPhuculo seNtlalontle kwishishini lemveliso. Starting from the production capacity, technological level, product quality level, energy consumption and raw materials, casting technology talents, quality management level, and emissions of waste sand, waste gas, dust, waste residue, noise, etc. of China's casting industry, drawing on the achievements of foreign theoretical research and practice, and based on the basic characteristics, existing problems, and basic requirements of environmental protection design of China's casting industry and casting technology level, basic standards for environmental protection design of different production Amakhonkco kwinkqubo yemveliso yokuphosa asekelwa njengeenjongo zolwakhiwo olutsha, ukulungiswa, ukwandiswa, kunye neeprojekthi zenguqu zetekhnoloji zamashishini aphantsi kwe-China. Indlela yokuziphatha yokuphosa amashishini emveliso isebenza ngokubekwe emgangathweni, kunye nokukhusela okusingqongileyo ngokuqinileyo ukufezekisa "i-Green kunye ne-Green enobuhlobo", yandise inqanaba lezobuchwephesha loqoqosho olukhawulezileyo kuqoqosho lwesizwe.
Ixesha lasemva: ngoFebruwari-10-2025