Ngokunyuka koxinzelelo kwimithombo yobutyebi kunye nokusingqongileyo kwilizwe lethu, amasebe karhulumente acebise iinjongo “zokuzuza uphuhliso oluzinzileyo, ukwakha uluntu olugcina imithombo yobutyebi nolunobuhlobo nokusingqongileyo” kunye “nokuqinisekisa ukuncitshiswa kokusetyenziswa kwamandla nge-20% kunye nokunciphisa nge-10% ukukhutshwa okupheleleyo kwezinto ezinkulu ezingcolisa umoya njengoko kumiselwe kwiSicwangciso seMinyaka emiHlanu”. ETshayina,ukuphosaidlala indima ebaluleke kakhulu kushishino lokwenziwa koomatshini, ngokubekwa kwindawo yokuqala emhlabeni kwiminyaka emithandathu ilandelelana. Kukho ngaphezu kwama-27000 amashishini okuphosa, phakathi kwawo, ngaphandle kwamashishini amakhulu ambalwa anobuchwephesha bokuphosa obuphambili, izixhobo zemveliso ezigqwesileyo, kunye namanyathelo asisiseko okukhusela okusingqongileyo, uninzi lwamashishini asakhasayo asenayo itekhnoloji yokuvelisa ephelelwe lixesha, izixhobo zemveliso eziphelelwe lixesha, kunye nemiba yokhuseleko lokusingqongileyo engakhange ibekwe kwishedyuli yomsebenzi.
Ishishini le-Foundry kwilizwe lethu lijongene nemingeni enzima kukhuseleko lokusingqongileyo. Ngokweengxelo, i-80% ukuya kwi-95% yaseTshayinaukuphosaIifektri ikakhulu zisebenzisa ukubumba ngesandla, kwaye ngaphantsi kwe-5% yenani elipheleleyo lee-furnaces eziqhumayo zixhotyiswe ngezixhobo ezisebenzayo zokukhusela indalo. Ngaphezulu kwe-80% yamashishini athengisayo aneemeko ezingqongileyo ezirhabaxa, iimeko zokusebenza ezimbi, iteknoloji yokuvelisa umva, kunye neendlela ezibanzi zemveliso. Ngokwembono yesakhiwo seshishini lokuphosa, amashishini anazo zombini iindawo zokuphosa okanye iindibano zocweyo ezingaphantsi kweplanti yemveliso yokusingatha, kunye nezityalo zokusabisa ezichubekileyo kunye nenani elikhulu lezityalo zaselokishini. Ngokwenqanaba lemveliso kunye nesikali, kukho zombini iziseko ezinkulu ezinoomatshini abaphezulu, itekhnoloji ephezulu, kunye nesiphumo sonyaka samashumi amawaka eetoni.iicastings, kunye neziseko ezincinci ezinezixhobo ezilula, ukusebenza ngesandla, itekhnoloji ephelelwe lixesha, kunye nemveliso yonyaka yeetoni ezingaphezu kwekhulu zokuphosa. Kwiminyaka yakutshanje, ngenxa yempembelelo yamandla, izinto zokusingqongileyo, kunye namaxabiso abasebenzi, ukuveliswa kwemveliso kumazwe aphuhlileyo amashishini aseNtshona kuye kwancipha, kwaye ngokuthe ngcembe baye baguqukela kumazwe asakhasayo ukuba bathenge i-castings jikelele, ngelixa bethumela ngaphandle komgangatho ophezulu kunye nomxholo ophezulu wezobuchwepheshe kunye nexabiso eliphezulu elongezelelweyo kumazwe asakhulayo. Okwangoku, ukukhawuleziswa kokudityaniswa kwehlabathi loqoqosho lwehlabathi kubonelela ngamathuba kunye nemingeni kuphuhliso lweshishini laseTshayina. Imfuno yokuphoswa kwamaTshayina kwiimarike zamazwe ngamazwe kunye nezasekhaya ibonisa ukukhula okuzinzileyo.
Isixhobo sokuphosa,ukubumba ukusetyenzwa kwesanti
Ngokusekwe kwinqanaba langoku letekhnoloji yokuphosa kunye neengxaki eziphambili e-China, eli nqaku liphonononga iindlela ezisebenzayo zokuphumeza "ukuphosa okuluhlaza kunye nokusingqongileyo" kule miba ilandelayo:
1.Uphuhliso lwemigangatho yokuvelisa uhlaza kushishino lwesiseko lubandakanya itekhnoloji esisiseko efana nethiyori yoyilo lwemveliso kunye neendlela, itekhnoloji yesicelo semathiriyeli, iinkqubo zokuvelisa kunye netekhnoloji yezixhobo, itekhnoloji yokuvavanya, itekhnoloji yomatshini, njl.njl. Ezi zinto zinxulumene, zixhomekeke, kwaye ziyimfuneko kakhulu yokuphila kunye nophuhliso lweshishini le-Foundry Uyilo lokusatshalaliswa kohlaza kunye neenkqubo zokuphosa ukuze kuqinisekiswe umgangatho wemveliso kunye nemveliso yendalo kunye nemveliso yendalo kunye nemveliso yendalo. yokuphosa kuwo wonke umjikelo wabo wobomi kumthombo Uthathela ingqalelo imiba ebalulekileyo enempembelelo yokusetyenziswa ngokuthe ngqo kwamandla, izixhobo, kunye nokukhutshwa kwezingcolisi kunye nenkunkuma, itekhnoloji yokuphosa eluhlaza kunye neteknoloji yezixhobo zenkqubo zamkelwe ukuguqula izinto ezikrwada kunye nezincedisayo (iigalelo) zibe yi-castings (iziphumo eziluncedo), ngaloo ndlela kufezekiswa "imveliso eluhlaza kunye nokusingqongileyo" kunye nokutshintsha izixhobo zabo ezicocekileyo kunye nobuchwephesha bendalo. itekhnoloji yesicelo; ④ Ukwamkela ubuchwephesha obuphambili, obukhawulezayo kunye obuchanekileyo kunye nolawulo lwetekhnoloji, ukwenza ngcono inkqubo yokuvelisa, ukuphelisa okanye ukunciphisa inkunkuma, ukuphucula isivuno, ukunciphisa ukusetyenziswa kwamandla kunye nongcoliseko olubangelwa kukubhaqwa okungalindelekanga okanye okungachanekanga, kunye nokufezekisa "ukuphosa okuluhlaza kunye nokusingqongileyo"; ⑤ Ukwamkela isiphelo esisebenzayo nesisebenzayo setekhnoloji yonyango lombhobho ukunciphisa ukukhutshwa kongcoliseko kokusingqongileyo. Ukongeza ekucebiseni iimfuno zobugcisa kule miba ingentla, kuyafuneka kwakhona ukudibanisa kunye neemeko zelizwe zoshishino lwe-foundry yaseChina, ukwenzela ukuba amashishini athathe isicwangciso solawulo esilungileyo (ixabiso eliphantsi, ukusebenza kakuhle) ukuphumeza ukukhutshwa kokugqibela okuhlangabezana nemigangatho yelizwe lokusingqongileyo.
2. Ukuqala kwimiba eyahlukeneyo efana neteknoloji yokuphosa, izinto zokubumba, kunye nezixhobo zokuphosa
Imeko yangoku yokhuseleko lokusingqongileyo kwishishini le-Foundry yaseTshayina iyaxhalabisa. Iinzame zinokwenziwa ukukhuthaza ukukhuselwa kwendalo kwishishini lesiseko ukusuka kwimiba eyahlukeneyo efana netekhnoloji yokuphosa, izinto zokubumba, kunye nezixhobo zokuphosa: ① Itekhnoloji yokuphosa kunye nemathiriyeli yokubumba: Ukuphosa isanti yeyona ndlela iphambili yokuphosa itekhnoloji, ibalwa kwi-80% ukuya kwi-90% yayo yonke imveliso. Kwimveliso yokuphosa, ungcoliseko lothuli, ungcoliseko lomoya, kunye nongcoliseko oluqinileyo olubangelwa zizinto ezibunjwayo zesanti zezona zibi kakhulu. Ngoko ke, ukuze kuphunyezwe imveliso eluhlaza kunye necocekileyo kwi-santi casting, izibophelelo eziluhlaza eziluhlaza kufuneka zisetyenziswe kangangoko kunokwenzeka, kwaye ubungakanani bezibophelelo ezongeziweyo kufuneka zincitshiswe ngokusemandleni (ngokukhethekileyo ngaphandle kwezibophelelo). Oku kunenzuzo kakhulu ekusombululeni ingxaki yokuphinda kusetyenziswe isanti endala kwaye kuya kunciphisa kakhulu uxinzelelo kwimo engqongileyo. Phakathi kweendlela ezahlukeneyo zokuphosa isanti ngoku ezibandakanyekayo, ukuphoswa kwegwebu elilahlekileyo kunye ne-V-indlela yokuphosa usebenzisa i-adhesive free ukubunjwa kwesanti eyomileyo, kunye nokuphosa isanti yeglasi yamanzi kunye ne-adhesive, zezona zinokwenzeka ukuba zifezekise iinkqubo zokuvelisa "eziluhlaza kunye nokusingqongileyo". I-adhesive free lost foam casting yaziwa ngokuba "yitekhnoloji entsha yokuphosa yenkulungwane yama-21" kunye "nobunjineli obuluhlaza ekujuleni" Izixhobo zokuphosa: Okwangoku, uninzi lweendawo zentsimbi zaseTshayina ziyanyibilika kwaye ziveliswa kusetyenziswa iziko eliqhumayo, ezisebenzisa izinto ezicocekileyo kunye nobomi obude, ukusebenza kakuhle komoya oshushu oqhubekayo ngokuqhushumba kwiziko, ukugalela iitekhnoloji yolwelo, kunye nokuthulula ulwelo lwentsimbi, kunye nokuthulula ulwelo lwentsimbi. ubungakanani bentsimbi ye-oxidation kunye nesizukulwana se-slag; Ukwamkela imilinganiselo ekhuthazwayo yeBhunga laMazwe ngaMazwe lokuLawula iNdawo yokuSingqongileyo ukwenzela unyango lokucocwa kwangaphambili kwezixhobo zesithando somlilo kunokunciphisa ukukhutshwa kothuli ngexesha lenkqubo yokunyibilikisa; Ukusetyenziswa kweteknoloji ye-granulation slag epholileyo yamanzi inokwenza i-slag ibe yinto efanelekileyo kakhulu yokwakha; Sebenzisa ngokugqibeleleyo igesi yokukhupha evela kwiziko eliqhumayo. Ukongezelela, kwimveliso yokuphosa, izixhobo zenkqubo ezenza uthuli kunye nengxolo, njengokuthutha, ukukhangela, ukucoca, kunye nezixhobo zokulahla isanti, zinokuphuculwa kwisakhiwo semveliso ukunciphisa okanye ukuphelisa uthuli.
3. Ukuphuhlisa ubugcisa obutsha bokusetyenziswa kwenkunkuma yegesi ukukhusela indalo esingqongileyo kunye nokwandisa ulondolozo lwemithombo ibe yinjongo engxamisekileyo elandelwa ngabasebenzi basezikweni kumazwe ahlukeneyo. Ke ngoko, xa amashishini aseTshayina esakha okanye esenza utshintsho kubuchwepheshe, kufuneka alungelelanise ukusetyenziswa kwakhona kwenkunkuma. Oku kunokwenziwa ngale miba ilandelayo: ① Xa uyila izicwangciso zenguqu, qala ucinge ngokunyusa utyalo-mali kukhuselo lokusingqongileyo, kwaye kuyacetyiswa ukuba utyalo-mali lokhuselo lokusingqongileyo luthathe ngaphezu kwe-15% yotyalo-mali lulonke; ② Ukwamkela izixhobo zokujula eziphucukileyo ezenziwe ngoomatshini, ezizisebenzelayo, nezivalelweyo ukufezekisa iinjongo zokukhuselwa kwendalo; ③ Ukwamkela iinkqubo zemveliso ezicocekileyo zokuphucula imeko-bume yokusebenza; ④ Ukuphuhlisa ubugcisa obutsha bokusetyenziswa kwemithombo yenkunkuma ngokubhekisele kwiindlela zokulahla inkunkuma yamashishini angaphandle; ⑤ Namathela kwimithetho-siseko yokunciphisa, ukusetyenziswa kwakhona, kunye nokurisayikilisha kuqoqosho lwesetyhula.
Ukuphosa okuluhlaza kunye nokusingqongileyo "yimbonakaliso yesicwangciso sophuhliso oluzinzileyo lwentlalo kwishishini lemveliso. Ukuqala kumthamo wemveliso, inqanaba lobuchwepheshe, umgangatho womgangatho wemveliso, ukusetyenziswa kwamandla kunye nezinto ezikrwada, ukuphosa iitalente zeteknoloji, umgangatho wolawulo lomgangatho, kunye nokukhutshwa kwesanti yenkunkuma, inkunkuma yegesi, uthuli, intsalela yenkunkuma, ingxolo, njl. iingxaki ezikhoyo, kunye neemfuno ezisisiseko zoyilo lokhuselo lokusingqongileyo lweshishini lokuphosa kunye nenqanaba letekhnoloji yokuphosa, imigangatho esisiseko yoyilo lokhuseleko lokusingqongileyo lwamakhonkco emveliso ahlukeneyo kwinkqubo yokuvelisa asekwa njengeenjongo zolwakhiwo olutsha, ukulungiswa, ukwandiswa, kunye neeprojekthi zenguqu yetekhnoloji yamashishini okugalela eTshayina Ukuziphatha kwamashishini emveliso yokuphosa kusemgangathweni, kunye nokukhuthaza ukukhuselwa kokusingqongileyo ukuba kufezekiswe ngamandla kwaye kufezekiswe ngamandla. inqanaba lobuchwephesha ishishini Foundry China ukuhlangabezana neemfuno zophuhliso olukhawulezayo kuqoqosho lwesizwe.
Ixesha lokuposa: Feb-10-2025